10 Critical Network Penetration Test Findings Every Organisation Should Know

The article highlights the 10 most common and critical findings from network penetration tests, illustrating how weaknesses in infrastructure, misconfigurations, and unpatched systems can expose organisations to serious threats. It starts by stressing the importance of regular pentesting and quickly dives into each finding:

Ensuring your organisation’s network is secure can sometimes feel like aiming at a moving target. Fresh exploits surface regularly, while even simple oversights can open the door to attackers. A recent industry report has spotlighted 10 critical issues repeatedly discovered during network penetration tests. By tackling these vulnerabilities head-on, you can drastically reduce the chance of a costly cyber incident.

1. Outdated Systems and Missing Patches
Software that isn’t regularly updated leaves an open window for attackers. Swiftly applying patches is the first line of defence.
2. Weak or Default Passwords
Admin accounts still using “password123” or default manufacturer logins represent low-hanging fruit for cybercriminals.
3. Misconfigured Devices
Poorly defined firewall rules, open ports, and unneeded services put sensitive data at risk.
4. Lack of Segmentation
An attacker who breaches one part of a flat network can roam freely. Segmentation effectively contains threats to one area.
5. Unencrypted Traffic
Whether it’s emails or web requests, unencrypted data can be intercepted. Always enable HTTPS, VPNs, or other encryption solutions.
6. Insecure Remote Access
Relying on outdated remote access tools or forgoing multi-factor authentication (MFA) makes it easier for attackers to gain entry.
7. Privilege Escalation Misconfigurations
Attackers look for ways to upgrade a basic user account into an admin-level vantage point—proper controls prevent them escalating privileges.
8. Limited Monitoring
Delayed detection of suspicious activity provides attackers ample time to pivot, exfiltrate data, or embed deeper into the system.
9. Sensitive Data Exposure
Access keys, password files, and personal data must be stored securely. Even seemingly minor leaks can cause major harm.
10. Web Application Vulnerabilities

Common pitfalls like SQL injection or cross-site scripting often give attackers direct routes into internal assets.
Takeaway: Prioritise patches, harden your devices, and adopt robust access and monitoring policies. Addressing these 10 critical findings can help keep your network safe from escalating threats.